Napoleon III of France was (1) ... for the invention of the butter substitute known as margarine. He was looking for a cheap (2) ... to butter for the poorer people of society, and for his army and navy. So he (3) ... up a prize competition to see who would (4) ... up with the best solution.

There was only one entry into this competition, from a man called Meges-Mouries. He had (5) ... over two years experimenting, and finally found an acceptable butter substitute made from milk and various animal fats. Meges-Mouries' invention was awarded the prize.

Margarine soon went into mass production and was exported all over the world. In Britain it was called 'Butterine', until protests from farmers (6) ... to that name being made illegal. Farmers in America were not happy about the new arrival on the market either. They (7) ... to the yellow colouring, saying that it made it resemble butter so closely that it could deceive consumers. In effect, Napoleon III's competition is still going on. The ultimate (8) ... of every margarine manufacturer is to produce a product that is (9) ... to distinguish from butter. And they keep trying.